| System | |
| fixmenus | update windowmanager-menus |
| (wm)poweroff | shutdown your system (from within X) |
| (wm)reboot | reboot your system (from within X) |
| xwin COMMAND | starts the x-server. COMMAND should be the startcommand of your WM (e.g. startjwm) |
| User | |
| passwd* | change password |
| System Info | |
| cat /etc/windowmanager | display actual windowmanager |
| gtkdialog -v | display gtkdialog version |
| echo $PATH | display executable paths |
| echo $SHELL | shell's path |
| xmessage "hello" | display message on screen |
| date | display the current date and time |
| cal | display a monthly calendar |
| uptime | display current uptime |
| uname -a | display kernel information |
| uname -r | display kernel version |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo | display cpu information |
| dmesg | display kernel (and driver) messages |
| free | display memory and swap usage |
| df | display disk usage |
| du -h /PATH/DIR | display summarized disk usage for /PATH/DIR |
| env | displays the actual environment |
| hardinfo -r -f txt > FILE | creates a hardware-report as FILE |
| probepart -m | display info about partitions |
| fdisk -l | display info about partitions |
| report-video | display info about graphics card |
| Logfiles | |
| /tmp/bootkernel.log | Kernel-Boot-Log |
| /tmp/bootsysinit.log | Sysinit-Log |
| /tmp/xerrs.log | X messages |
| /var/log/messages | Kernel messages |
| Files & Directories | |
| ls | directory listing |
| ls -al | formatted listing with hidden files and verbose information |
| cd DIR | change directory to childdir DIR |
| cd /PATH/DIR | change directory to /PATH/DIR |
| cd .. | one dir up |
| cd - | change to last directory |
| cd | change to home |
| pwd | display current directory |
| mkdir DIR | create a directory in the actual path |
| mkdir /PATH/DIR | create a directory in PATH |
| mkdir -p /PATH/DIR | create a directory in PATH even if not all dirs in PATH exist |
| rm FILE* | delete FILE |
| rm -r DIR* | delete DIR |
| cp FILE1 FILE2 | copy FILE1 to FILE2 |
| cp -r DIR1 DIR2 | copy DIR1 to DIR2, create DIR2 if it does not exist |
| mv FILE1 FILE2 | rename or move FILE1 to FILE2 if FILE2 is an existing directory, moves FILE1 into directory FILE2 |
| ln -s FILE LINK | create symbolic link LINK to FILE |
| touch FILE | create FILE |
| command > FILE | (re-)places output of command in FILE |
| command >> FILE | appends output of command to FILE |
| command < FILE | use FILE as input for command |
| command1 | command2 | use output of command1 as input for command2 |
| cat FILE | display the content of FILE |
| tac FILE | display the content of FILE from last to first line |
| head FILE | display the first 10 lines of FILE |
| tail FILE | display the last 10 lines of FILE |
| tail -f FILE | display the content of FILE as it grows, starting with the last 10 lines |
| mp FILE | open FILE with mp text editor |
| file FILE | gives info about FILE |
| Process Management | |
| ps | display your active processes |
| top | display all running processes |
| kill PID | kill process with id PID* |
| killall PROCESS | kill all processes named PROCESS* |
| Searching | |
| grep PATTERN FILES | search for PATTERN in FILES |
| grep -nR PATTERN DIR | search recursively for PATTERN in files in DIR (output with line-nr.) |
| command | grep PATTERN | search for PATTERN in the output of command |
| which COMMAND | show location of COMMAND in path |
| Compression | |
| tar cvf file.tar FILES | create a tar containing FILES |
| tar xvf file.tar | extract a tar |
| tar cvzf file.tar.gz FILES | create a tar with Gzip compression containing FILES |
| tar cvzf folder.tar.gz Folder | compress a FOLDER and rename it |
| tar xvzf file.tar.gz | extract a tar with Gzip compression |
| tar cvjf file.tar.bz2 FILES | create a tar with Bzip2 compression containing FILES |
| tar xvjf file.tar.bz2 | extract a tar with Bzip2 compression |
| unzip file.zip | extract a zip-file |
| gzip FILE file.gz | compresses FILE and renames it |
| gzip -d file.gz | decompresses file.gz back to FILE |
| Network | |
| wget URLTO/FILE | download FILE to the actual dir |
| wget -c URLTO/FILE | continue the download of FILE |
| ifconfig | display info about your network |
| iwconfig | display info about your wlan |
| Shortcuts | |
| Ctrl+C | ends the current command |
| Ctrl+R | search for a recent command |
| UP / DOWN | navigate the command history |
| TAB | command-completion for input |
| TAB+TAB | display possible commands for input |
| Esc key | Quit command for some applications |
| F3 key | Continue with text 'Find' |
| Bootcodes | |
| pfix=ram | do not load a save_file |
| pfix=fsck | do a filesystem-check for pup_save |
| pfix=nox | do not start the X-Server |
| Diverse | |
| export VARIABLE | setup a variable for the current session |
| echo $VARIABLE | display the actual value of a variable |
| alias command='newcommand' | newcommand will be executed if command is called |
| unalias command | Remove an alias |
| alias -p | displays all actual aliasses |
| Rox Filer Tips | |
| Double click in empty space | resize Rox window to optimum size |
| Middle mouse click a folder | open folder in new window | *Use with (extreme) caution |