Newbies - Comprehensive Linux Filesystem Hierarchy

Helping keep Puppy well documented
Post Reply
Message
Author
Mic67

Newbies - Comprehensive Linux Filesystem Hierarchy

#1 Post by Mic67 »

Looking for some Linux Knowledge.

Here are some really comprehensive text on the

Linux Filesystem Hierarchy

When migrating from another operating system such as Microsoft Windows to another; one thing that will profoundly affect the end user greatly will be the differences between the filesystems.

Note some links are to the same material in a different formats.

http://ldp.rtin.bz/LDP/Linux-Filesystem ... archy.html
"2004-07-30

This document outlines the set of requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement under the Linux operating system according to those of the FSSTND v2.3 final (January 29, 2004) and also its actual implementation on an arbitrary system. It is meant to be accessible to all members of the Linux community, be distribution independent and is intended to discuss the impact of the FSSTND and how it has managed to increase the efficiency of support interoperability of applications, system administration tools, development tools, and scripts as well as greater uniformity of documentation for these systems.

Copyright 2003 Binh Nguyen'

1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy

1.1. Foreward
1.2. The Root Directory
1.3. /bin
1.4. /boot
1.5. /dev
1.6. /etc
1.7. /home
1.8. /initrd
1.9. /lib
1.10. /lost+found
1.11. /media
1.12. /mnt
1.13. /opt
1.14. /proc
1.15. /root
1.16. /sbin
1.17. /usr
1.18. /var
1.19. /srv
1.20. /tmp

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
http://www.yiluda.net/manual/linux/rute/rute.html
Hummm... 44 chapters
Excellent INDEX
5 stars!!!!
Example
43. The X Window System

* 43.1 The X Protocol
* 43.2 Widget Libraries and Desktops
o 43.2.1 Background
o 43.2.2 Qt
o 43.2.3 Gtk
o 43.2.4 GNUStep
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
http://www.pathname.com/fhs/

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
Introduction
This page is the home of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS).

The current version is 2.3. It was announced on January 29, 2004.

The filesystem standard has been designed to be used by Unix distribution developers, package developers, and system implementors. However, it is primarily intended to be a reference and is not a tutorial on how to manage a Unix filesystem or directory hierarchy.

Cheers,

Mic67

#2 Post by Mic67 »

Thought I would add a few more recommended links:

http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/
Great for newbies (like me and you?)
Comprehensive Index
Red Hat based.

http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/home-router-howto.xml
Home Router Guide
This guide will show you how to setup Network Address Translation (NAT) on the router (kernel and iptables), add and configure common services (Domain Name System (DNS) via dnsmasq, dhcp via dhcpcd, ADSL via rp-pppoe), and conclude with more elaborate and fun things that can be done (port forwarding, traffic shaping, proxies/caching, etc...).


Quick HOWTO : Ch04 : Simple Network
troubleshooting


http://www.freeos.com/articles/3729/
Network monitoring, access control & booby traps using TCP Wrappers: Part 1

http://www.freeos.com/articles/3768/
TCP Wrappers: Part 2

http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxT ... rking.html
YoLinux Tutorial - Linux Networking

http://www.freeos.com/articles/3292/
Remote desktop using VNC

http://www.freeos.com/articles/3243/
System V method of initialization is one of the most widely used across most Linux distributions. It definitely eases the system administrators job. There's a lot more than autoexec.bat and config.sys here. We've written this article for novice users. It explains the concept of runlevels, initialization scripts and the significance of /etc/rc.d.

http://www.freeos.com/articles/3007/
Linux and the TV

http://www.freeos.com/articles/2879/
"The Proc psuedo file system is a real time, memory resident file system
that tracks the processes running on your machine and the state of your
system. Read on to learn how to get the most out of the /proc file system."
**************************************************
Mic67 comment:
Hopefully the developer of the OS you are usings hasnt made it impossible to tweak the files in this.....

Now if you are using a Harddrive based OS, as a newbie, it may not be wise to tweak files, but if using a live CD based OS like Puppy (without saving any changes) you can really learn alot - if so inclined....as a reboot will provide a fresh OS
**************************************************
http://www.freeos.com/articles/3127/
Understanding Linux file permissions

;)

User avatar
Dougal
Posts: 2502
Joined: Wed 19 Oct 2005, 13:06
Location: Hell more grotesque than any medieval woodcut

#3 Post by Dougal »

In the "beginners" part of the forum there's a sticky post with links for beginners that has the "Linux Filesystem Hierarchy" thing.
What's the ugliest part of your body?
Some say your nose
Some say your toes
But I think it's your mind

Mic67

#4 Post by Mic67 »

http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz

LINUX:
Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition
(Version 1.0.0)
Paul Sheer

When looking at the help pages in puppy Barry K. suggest RUTE but the link ...wasnt. See the above.

1.1 What This Book Covers

This book covers GNU/LINUX system administration, for popular distributions like RedHat and Debian, as a tutorial for new users and a reference for advanced administrators.


This is also very good Tutorial for Linux.

eg.
19.8 Manually Mounting /proc


You can mount the proc file system with the command
mount -t proc /proc /proc


This is an exception to the normal mount usage. Note that all common LINUX installations require /proc to be mounted at boot time. The only times you will need this command are for manual startup or when doing a chroot. (See page .)

19.9 RAM and Loopback Devices


A RAM device is a block device that can be used as a disk but really points to a physical area of RAM.

A loopback device is a block device that can be used as a disk but really points to an ordinary file somewhere.

If your imagination isn't already running wild, consider creating a floppy disk with file system, files and all, without actually having a floppy disk, and being able to dump this creation to floppy at any time with dd. You can also have a whole other LINUX system inside a 500 MB file on a Windows partition and boot into it--thus obviating having to repartition a Windows machine just to run LINUX. All this can be done with loopback and RAM devices.

......................................
19.10 Remounting from Read-Only to Read-Write

A file system that is already mounted as read- only can be remounted as read- write, for example, with
mount -o rw,remount /dev/hda1 /


This command is useful when you log in in single-user mode with no write access to your root partition.

User avatar
Inuyasha
Posts: 117
Joined: Sat 21 Jul 2007, 15:28

#5 Post by Inuyasha »

While we are on the topic, could someone explain Puppy Linux's filesystem hierarchy to me? I've been using a lot of different versions of Linux lately, but this one takes the cake. I don't even know where the Desktop folder is. I'm not even sure there is one.

User avatar
WhoDo
Posts: 4428
Joined: Wed 12 Jul 2006, 01:58
Location: Lake Macquarie NSW Australia

#6 Post by WhoDo »

Inuyasha wrote:While we are on the topic, could someone explain Puppy Linux's filesystem hierarchy to me? I've been using a lot of different versions of Linux lately, but this one takes the cake. I don't even know where the Desktop folder is. I'm not even sure there is one.
That's because there isn't a Desktop "folder". The "desktop" in Rox Filer, used under Puppy, is a file called PuppyPin that lives in /root/Choices/ROX-Filer directory.

There is a full explanation of the Puppy system on Barry's website, here: http://www.puppyos.com/development/howpuppyworks.html

You can also visit the Puppy FAQ page here:
http://www.puppylinux.com/faq.htm

But for file system issues, there is no substitute for going to the source - ROX-Filer manual found here: http://rox.sourceforge.net/desktop/static.html

Hope that helps
[i]Actions speak louder than words ... and they usually work when words don't![/i]
SIP:whodo@proxy01.sipphone.com; whodo@realsip.com

User avatar
alienjeff
Posts: 2265
Joined: Sat 08 Jul 2006, 20:19
Location: Winsted, CT - USA

#7 Post by alienjeff »

Mic67 wrote:When looking at the help pages in puppy Barry K. suggest RUTE but the link ...wasnt.
Easy method to have the entire RUTE manual on your computer:

http://www.murga-linux.com/puppy/viewto ... 1144ca96fa

-aj
[size=84][i]hangout:[/i] ##b0rked on irc.freenode.net
[i]diversion:[/i] [url]http://alienjeff.net[/url] - visit The Fringe
[i]quote:[/i] "The foundation of authority is based upon the consent of the people." - Thomas Hooker[/size]

User avatar
Inuyasha
Posts: 117
Joined: Sat 21 Jul 2007, 15:28

#8 Post by Inuyasha »

WhoDo wrote:That's because there isn't a Desktop "folder". The "desktop" in Rox Filer, used under Puppy, is a file called PuppyPin that lives in /root/Choices/ROX-Filer directory.
Thank you.

Interesting. The file looks exactly as I had predicted. It uses a type of x-y coordinates to place the icons on the desktop. I suppose this file is launched by another file, but I'm not too interested in that at the moment.

User avatar
darrelljon
Posts: 551
Joined: Sun 08 Apr 2007, 11:10
Contact:

#9 Post by darrelljon »

What newbies really need IMHO is a Linux Filesystem Hierarchy with Windows equivalents where possible.

User avatar
alienjeff
Posts: 2265
Joined: Sat 08 Jul 2006, 20:19
Location: Winsted, CT - USA

#10 Post by alienjeff »

@darrelljon

They already have that. It's called ReactOS ... :wink:
[size=84][i]hangout:[/i] ##b0rked on irc.freenode.net
[i]diversion:[/i] [url]http://alienjeff.net[/url] - visit The Fringe
[i]quote:[/i] "The foundation of authority is based upon the consent of the people." - Thomas Hooker[/size]

User avatar
darrelljon
Posts: 551
Joined: Sun 08 Apr 2007, 11:10
Contact:

#11 Post by darrelljon »

ReactOS isn't Linux. I mean in terms of documentation, when discussing /home make reference to c:\documents and settings\default user for example.

User avatar
alienjeff
Posts: 2265
Joined: Sat 08 Jul 2006, 20:19
Location: Winsted, CT - USA

#12 Post by alienjeff »

How 'bout GoboLinux?
[size=84][i]hangout:[/i] ##b0rked on irc.freenode.net
[i]diversion:[/i] [url]http://alienjeff.net[/url] - visit The Fringe
[i]quote:[/i] "The foundation of authority is based upon the consent of the people." - Thomas Hooker[/size]

Post Reply